Networking: 5 Fantastic Ways To Network Effectively

It seems as if everybody is into networking these days but only a handful of people know how to network effectively. Don't miss out on golden opportunities to become acquainted with those who can help you personally and professionally. Follow my list and you'll be utilizing all those fantastic new contacts in no time!

1. Look utterly presentable! Being smartly dressed will go a long way in attracting people to you. Wearing a nice suit is not enough. Make sure you pay attention to the finishing touches such as your shoes (are they polished?), your nails (are they short and clean for men and manicured for ladies). Is your hair clean and tidy? In short, how you present yourself is how people will treat and respond to you.

2. Do not pass out your business cards to just anyone. Although I am sure you want to publicise your business or maybe just yourself (!), others will view this as being a little too eager. Hold back. Get to know others and only then suggest that you exchange details if you feel that there is a rapport.

Networking: 5 Fantastic Ways To Network Effectively

3. Don't try to work the room. Contrary to popular belief, working the room can work against you. It's the law of diminishing returns. About two years ago I went to a networking function with a friend of mine whom I'll call Ravi. Before long, Ravi had met everyone in the room. However, I held back and noticed a lady reading a French daily paper. I approached her as I am a Francophile and we got on so well we chatted the entire evening. Ravi was disappointed in me as he always thought of me as a "great networker". I tried to explain that it is not the quantity but the quality. I have since become incredibly good friends with that lovely fellow Francophile and we have gone to many cultural functions and made some wonderful friends together. Ravi on the other hand, never heard or stayed in touch with one of those people with whom he had met that first evening.

4. Don't limit yourself to business networking. When we think of networking we think of business events and functions. However, don't discount other opportunities such as cultural associations and even volunteering. If you come from a particular ethnic heritage, think about joining local associations which will enable you to meet others like yourself. Volunteering is also a great way to meet people from all walks of life and some of the best friends and business contacts I have made have been through volunteer work. It also makes you feel better that you are contributing to society and not just thinking about how the next person can help you.

5. Prepare to stay in touch. While it is nice meeting new people at networking events, it's pointless if you do not follow up. Make a point of contacting people whom you met within a day or two either by phone or email. I was particularly impressed by a young banker who sent me his business card with a short note by snail mail (he had just run out of cards when I had met him). Suggest to your newfound networking buddies a small group lunch and ask them to bring along a friend. Just keep the momentum going.

Following my 5 Fantastic Ways To Network Effectively will make you not only better at networking, it will attract more people to you as well. As they say, it is a two way street.

Best of luck and happy networking!

Networking: 5 Fantastic Ways To Network Effectively
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By M. Tan
Executive Director of Yumcha.com.au
http://www.yumcha.com.au
Australia's Premier Networking Site for Asian Professionals

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What is a Facebook Poke?

Have you ever been poked on Facebook and wondered exactly what it meant? Well, in this article, we will take a look at the meaning of a Facebook poke. It might just mean much more than you think.

Whenever I go on Facebook, I see a little portion of the screen saying that people have poked me. Facebook claims that a poke can be used "to say hello" to your friends. Thus, I see this poke feature on Facebook as a way that my friends are saying, "Hello, I am thinking about you and I miss you."

Thus, I think a poke feels pretty good.

What is a Facebook Poke?

After you receive a poke, you then have the option of poking back. This could be translated as a way of saying, "Thanks for thinking of me. I feel the same way."

However, this is just the surface meaning of a poke on Facebook, but if we dig deeper, we may find that a Facebook poke means much more.

Such was the case with my friend Bob.

Bob recently asked me, "Richard, what does a Facebook poke mean to you?"

I said, "It's an acknowledgment, a friend saying hello."

He claimed that sometimes it can mean much more and proceeded to tell me a story.

Long ago, Bob had been good friends with a girl named Alexandra. Alexandra and Bob often took their relationship passed the friendship level but it never changed into a full blown relationship. Thus, after some time, Alexandra met someone and ended up marrying this man and invited Bob to the wedding.

As it happens when people lead different lives, Bob and Alexandra stopped communicating with each other on a regular basis pretty quickly and then not at all. In fact, they went five years without really talking to one another at all.

And then, Bob received a Facebook poke from Alexandra out of the blue. After not communicating for five years, Alexandra suddenly initiated communication.

Bob wondered about this sudden Facebook poke. Was this just an acknowledgment or was there something more to the story?

Well, it turns out, after Bob checked Alexandra's Facebook profile, she was single again. Bob decided to poke her back and see where things led.

In the end, Bob and Alexandra began dating and now they have plans to marry each other.

Thus, while a Facebook poke is often just an acknowledgment, it can sometimes say a whole lot more!

What is a Facebook Poke?
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Want to know more? Read What Does It Mean To Poke Someone on Facebook and find out how to get on Facebook at school. The author, Richard Tyler, is a technologist, writer, and generally curious bloke!

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Defamation of Character on Social Networking Sites

It seems as if hardly a week goes by without the traditional news media reporting another case of abuse, another case where a person's name or position in society has been abused in one form or another through a social media platform, through the publication of personal photographs or slanderous comments on their character, events in their lives. The Internet, and in particular social networking sites, have opened a new means for the less than scrupulous to take their personal vendettas, their prejudices and hatred to a new level in a very public manner. Where the news media once held sway, with usually carefully researched and well crafted stories backed up by clearance from a well schooled legal department, social networking sites now allow absolutely anyone with access to the Internet, with a personal opinion, to take anyone to task in almost any manner they wish.

Social networking sites, often with tens of millions of users logging in each day, have taken the place of the local reporter to bring events to a far wider audience. Citizen reporters, a loose term for anyone who writes about local or national events or who voices an opinion on current affairs, have taken the place of professionals in many spheres, and not always to advance the impartial and unbiased truth. They are generally untrained or have no background in the arts of writing and reporting but feel, having access to such a medium, capable of expounding their opinion on a wide range of subjects. These citizen reporters are often not bound by the press laws, or by personal levels of respect for the privacy of others and do not always have access to the full range of information, of facts, which a professional would have at his or her fingertips. Their work, unpaid and highly personal, is based exclusively on minor events or on the reporting of other media on a particular story or over a particular person, be it someone in the limelight through public office, their work or current events linked to their names. Sometimes it is based only on a single utterance, such as a short post on Twitter, on hearsay, on stories propounded by other citizen reporters, by other non-professionals.

Social networking sites, both the major players in a very wide field such as Facebook or Twitter and minor sites linked to local areas or professional and scholastic fields, have stormed the Internet in such a manner that almost everyone, especially in the Western world, has an account with one or more. Many if not all of the social networking sites allow anyone to sign up for their services without any form of background checks, often without payment, simply through the provision of an e-mail address and the completion of a short biography. Without background checks, without any form of verification that a person signing up for social media services is who they claim to be, social networking has become infested with a mass of faked accounts, with tens of thousands of non-existent people. At one stage in 2012, Facebook admitted that up to eighty-six million accounts on their platform are or may well be faked accounts; accounts created in another person's name or using a name other than that of the actual user. These accounts are used to promote products, opinions, to pass on information or links where the real user, hiding behind their invented name, has a vested interest in not being identified.

Defamation of Character on Social Networking Sites

With the freedom of the Internet, with the mass of social networking platforms available and the ease of signing up for one service or another, comes a new phenomenon: character assassination. The assumed anonymity of the Internet, the ability to create a character with a few mouse clicks and an uploaded photograph, has brought with it a freedom the original founders of this means of communication had never envisaged. With connections to the right people it is possible to create a story near enough to the truth to be believable and have it carried across many different accounts, through many different people so that, within a very short period of time, it gains a certain level of trust, a concrete base through repetition, an acceptance. Facts and background information are rarely checked or verified during this process of promulgation. A mouse click to copy, to share and an invented story can be passed across thousands of miles to an every widening range of people, added to and expanded with personal opinion, with personal prejudices.

A mild example of this trend was seen in mid 2012 when a relatively new Twitter account spread the story that the former British Prime Minister, Margaret Thatcher, had died. Within minutes the news of her death had been picked up by hundreds of other Twitter users and by some professional news services. The originating account had been set up, posted a number of seemingly harmless Tweets in order to gain credibility and followers, then changed its screen name to Sky News to add weight to the false information of Thatcher's death.

Other social networking sites have seen examples of less than harmless pranks played out for a mass public. Defamation of character, the besmirching of a person's name through false information, through interpretation of facts and events, through stalking and cyber bullying, has become an outlet for some less than scrupulous people. It ranges from stories at Middle or High School level of sexual impropriety through to accusations of corruption, infidelity and worse. The use of hacked, leaked and altered photographs has also become part and parcel of personal attacks against prominent personages, as well as against normal people of all ages.

For celebrities in the public eye, a personal photograph taken for private use which shows rather more skin, or even the intimate areas of their body, can suddenly find its way into public arena through hacking of cell phones, through unscrupulous friends or acquaintances. Stories attached to these images are often from people who have no connection either with the person concerned, nor any real knowledge of the events surrounding the taking of a photograph. The photographs used, intended for a private audience, for a lover or intimate partner, lower the prestige of a celebrity in the public eye, regardless of what other people outside the public gaze would do, and can often come back to haunt a person in later years. The black mark on their character remains, even when a story has been firmly refuted, proven as being untrue, firmly anchored in the minds of those who have witnessed it.

For private individuals, unused to the intense interest of the public sphere, this form of defamation can be life shattering. A fifteen year old High School student, for example, is not going to be able to react to published photographs or stories of an intimate nature in the same way that a celebrity, used to the limelight, to the press and with a back-up team of employees well schooled in such matters, can. Defamation of character can also, in such cases, lead to far more than brief embarrassment for anyone on the brink of adulthood. Intimate photographs taken in a moment of weakness or through the workings of someone claiming to be a friend can ruin a young woman's name, lead to harassment in school or the workplace, sexual advances and the creation of further stories which, in almost all cases, have nothing to do with the truth. It can result in someone being cut off from their family, becoming the center of unwanted attention both within their own circle and in the media. For an adolescent such adverse publicity can lead to loss of friends, to depression and, in the worst cases, to suicide.

Defamation of character is not limited exclusively to celebrities, to politicians, to people in the public eye. It can be used by anyone, almost always guaranteed anonymity through the Internet, against anyone. Character assassination can also be extended away from the direct target, to their family, to their work colleagues, to a wider circle of friends. It can be used against specific companies and specific products, against a political party or even against an entire country. Social networking sites, with the easy and immediate means of passing on information, of voicing an opinion and the almost unstoppable ability to create as many faked accounts as a person desires, are the new transporters for misinformation, for slander, for character assassination and, with the scope and breadth both of the Internet and of the means of entry to the Internet, is something almost impossible to either stem or to stop completely, regardless of which safety measures a social networking platform may claim to have in place.

The standard form for reporting abuse is to send a mail to an abuse department and request action against a specific party for a specific action. In the case of stolen or faked photographs, and all other images, it is necessary for the person lodging a complaint to prove that they are the legal owners of the image, that they hold copyright rights. For a snapshot taken using a cell phone and passed on to intimate friends, this can be an almost impossible task. When it comes to addressing other forms of abuse, such as written defamation of character, an abuse department is unlikely to be capable of taking any action unless the abuse falls within the terms of their Terms and Conditions of Use and, according to the country in which the social media site is based, breaks the law. Here, too, the proof of abuse must be provided by the abused person, they are required to prove themselves innocent and will be forced through many different legal hoops before any form of action is taken. During this time the stories will continue to exist, will continue to be passed on to others so that, within a very short space of time, it becomes impossible to either stop the original and all its various copies or to restrict the damage done.

The Internet, being an international medium, does not fall under any specific laws. A person writing in France, for example, is not subject to the same laws as a person writing in the United States. A person living in the United States and abused by someone living in France is not going to be able to use local laws against that person, only against the company providing the means of distribution, assuming that this company, the owners of the social networking site, as based and registered in the United States. The recent publication of photographs in Italian and French magazines of members of the British royal family is a prime example of how international defamation can operate. Here the company concerned, a publisher based in Italy with offices and assets in France, was able to publish photographs of an intimate nature as their registered base is outside of the United Kingdom. A legal action against further publication and for damages had to be taken in the respective countries where the publisher operates, and fell outside of the jurisdiction of British law and the British courts. For an ordinary person, defamed online by a foreigner living abroad, such an action is almost impossible.

Defamation of character for celebrities and people in the public eye is considered a part of the risks, the daily life, accepted by an individual when they decide to follow a specific career or enter the public arena. For someone outside of the public gaze, attending High School, a member of a local church, an ordinary person in a small town or city, such an attack on their person is not one of the normal risks associated with daily life. Constantly followed by press and photographers, a media star is more attuned to how they must react, what is acceptable in the public eye and what is not. They are well aware that, providing they have not done anything illegal or which offends against public sensibilities, that the media will, eventually, move on to new stories, other celebrities. Living within a quiet, familiar community, an ordinary person, regardless of their age, is not likely to be able to react to defamation, to faked and false stories, to personal attacks in the same manner. Often they will believe themselves cut off, with no one to talk to, no one they can turn to form help and advice.

A teenager, faced with the publication of intimate photographs designed for one specific and trusted person, will react in a completely different manner to an adult used to media attention. The community in which they live, their surroundings, family and friends, their school, college or workplace are far closer to them than the working environment of a professional, of a film star or politician. Any attacks addressed against them will be taken personally, will disturb far more than they would an adult with greater worldly experience. Here a defamation of character can take on a completely different mass.

Social networking sites are a collection of people linked one to another either by friendship, by profession or by interest. Many will never have actually met one another, may even live in completely different parts of the world and enjoy a living environment others have never experienced. Social networking sites can also be aimed at a specific area of a community, at a professional field or even a certain age group, at college students or school children. The reaction of online acquaintances to defamation in a professional forum is completely different to that within a site designed exclusively for High School students. Here the bulk of those linking one to another know each other personally, meet up with and talk to one another on an almost daily basis. Friendships extend beyond the virtual world of the Internet and into the intimate world of real life. The workings of defamation within this world, within a smaller community of people who know one another personally, is completely different. Any form of attack, on opinion, appearance or more intimate matters, is taken as a personal attack and, because of the nature of the platform, can be blown out of all proportion by the intervention of others.

Defamation of character here, in the social networking sites used by the younger generations, by those still attending school or college, extends beyond the virtual barriers of the Internet and confronts them in their daily lives. What may have seemed, to the originators, as a piece of harmless fun can often be taken by others as a statement of fact. In the case of intimate photography publication, it can bring a label which is not only difficult to shake off but also likely to stick for many years to come. The defamation moves away from the social networking site, away from the Internet and into the real, daily lives of the individuals involved. The individual subjected to defamation, to the publication of intimate photographs or details of their private lives, is confronted with something they cannot simply delete in a world they cannot switch off at the mains. For many this defamation, this revealing of their private and intimate lives is far more than they are capable of handling. They witness the expansion of an original, online accusation into the vitriolic hatred of real life people they are confronted with every day, people who, through connections linked by other connections on the Internet, have possibly no other association with them other than that they are friends of friends, or even further removed. Without the personal knowledge of a person, many are quite happy to expand on a story, to verbally or physically attack the subject in a detached, impersonal manner which, because they are not connected to the subject of their attacks and because real life is totally different to life in a real world, they cannot appreciate the effects of.

Defamation of character on social networking sites is a growing problem. Propounded by the ability to create an anonymous or virtually untraceable character, by the belief of some that whatever is published must either be true to the facts or it wouldn't be published, by the inexperience of many of those subjected to the attack and by the willingness of others to join in, it will remain a problem for the future. It will remain as much an Internet problem as a social problem which can only be reduced by careful education of Internet users, by the realization that people they are addressing, those they are attacking, are real people and not a made-up creation which disappears when the social networking site is left, when the computer is switched off. But the education of those using the Internet will fall on deaf ears; there will always be people whose sole purpose in life is to wreck the lives of others, either for the personal buzz they feel or as some form of revenge. Rather, the education on how to deal with defamation of character on the Internet, as much as personal attacks in real life, should be part and parcel of every computer course from the earliest stages onwards. Once it is clear that the person taking the brunt of an attack is capable of weathering the storm, knows how to counter any defamation calmly and effectively, the attack loses all purpose and the attacker, lacking the buzz of success, will be forced to give up and move on.

Defamation of Character on Social Networking Sites
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Viktoria Michaelis is an American student (born July 1992) currently resident in Germany studying Business Studies and Economics at Bremen University. She has had fictional works published in several anthologies and regularly writes in her personal Blog. Her collected articles are available to read at Viktoria Michaelis on a wide range of subjects from Beauty and Health, Politics and Copyright through to Women's Issues and Adult subjects.

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Networking Events - 7 Good Questions to Ask

No matter how confident you may be, the experience of entering a room full of strangers can be nerve-racking and leave you grasping for something to say. I believe the best route is actually the easiest - we all know that people like talking about themselves, so why not ask questions designed to draw them out a little more than standard shop talk?

Here are a selection I have found to be useful in establishing a connection with someone who at first glance appears to have nothing in common with me at all.

1. How did you come to be in your line of work? Often people fall into their job through a chance encounter or a stroke of luck - these stories are often interesting, and recounting them will bring your new contact alive in a way that a straightforward discussion about current business never does.

Networking Events - 7 Good Questions to Ask

2. Describe to me your dream customer. You will learn much about their motivation and goals by listening carefully to this.

3. What changes are happening, or can you predict happening, within your industry? Tap into a source of inside information here - it may well have implications for your own business or give you ideas on doing things differently. It is easy to get into habitual patterns of thought without realising it. A totally different perspective can really sharpen you up.

4. What do you regard as your greatest achievement in business to date? Another great way of breaking the ice and getting to know someone better.

5. What do you love about your work? Someone else's business will come alive for you if you listen to them describing their favourite activities.

6. Are there things you wish you could change? A natural follow-on from the above.

7. How would you like people to describe your contribution to your industry? This gets away from day-to-day business and allows them to discuss their deeper aspirations if they wish.

Any of these questions will provide you with a more enjoyable and memorable encounter, and with luck will ensure you are remembered likewise.

Networking Events - 7 Good Questions to Ask
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Andy Britnell is an executive coach who works with high achievers in both the private and public sectors who wish to fulfil more of their potential by thinking and behaving more effectively.

Sign up for my FREE newsletter Grow and Learn at http://andybritnell.co.uk/

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iPhone Marketing Strategy

As with all Apple marketing, the iPhone marketing strategy is very clear, simple and clever. With the plain and simple apple icon, Apple focuses on the pure innovative style of their products without all the "fluff". The iPhone was released by Apple in June, 2007. The ground-breaking style of the iPhone was touted for months before the initial release and has remained the best of the best when it comes to cell phones over the past several years. Before the iPhone's official release, Apple ran four television commercials promoting the new cell phone.

The first of the commercials portrays the new iPhone as the next step up from the popular iPod. The iPod was all the rage up until this point, and the iPhone was supposed to be the next-generation iPod, oh, and it's also a phone! The advertisement displays all of the enhanced features available in the iPod, and more, the point being "There's never been an iPod that can do this."

"So, say you're watching Pirates of the Caribbean"
Finger clicks on video and displays wide screen movie.
"Mmm, did somebody say Calamari?"
Finger clicks back to menu, selects Maps application to search 'Seafood'.
"The closest would be..."
Map displays all seafood locations and highlights location nearest to you.
"Ah!"

iPhone Marketing Strategy

Finger clicks seafood location, and restaurant phone number displayed. iPhone dial's.

The first four iPhone commercials flaunted the convenience, innovation, and usefulness of a single product with the functionality of not only a phone, or a music device, but a product that can, among other things, listen to music, watch videos, view photos, make conference calls, check e-mail, browse the web, and view maps.

Not only does Apple utilize television for their marketing strategy, but they make use of their website by posting videos, they also published a handful of press releases that could have been released in one single document. Apple often uses this tactic to build up hype and leave the consumer wanting more.

With Apple's brief press releases, giving the audience little to go off, "Apple leveraged a law of social physics - news, like nature, abhors a vacuum. In the absence of real information, those who care about a product will grasp at any rumor that comes their way. Apple may publicly disavow the rumor Web sites that scramble for scraps about the companies plans, but secretly their marketing department must be delighted. It would cost a lot to buy that kind of Web advertising." (Silverman, 2007)

The official iPhone website does more than just provide information about the product. The website provides top tips and tricks for the use of an iPhone, as well as a huge focus on apps. Almost the entire iPhone page displays images of apps, provides the "App of the Week," the website also contains sections titled "Apps for Everything," and the "Top Apps." Apple's website is a great marketing tool for current iPhone users and consumers that have an interest in purchasing the iPhone. The promotion of the apps will create a stronger source of revenue for Apple. As customers see top rated applications, they are more likely to download the app, rather than searching through 25,000+ apps to find one that may be of any value to the consumer.

Successful younger men were the target audience that Apple had originally focused on. Apple had hoped that with this target audience, and the fact that 48% of this audience did not already own an Apple iPod, would allow them to reach their forecast of 10 million sales by the end of 2008.

One month prior to the release of the iPhone, Solutions Research Group profiled a cross-section of those aware of the phone. The forecast of potential buyers for the day of the release ranked a majority of T-Mobile customers, AT&T's only GSM-based product competitor, at 15%. The second largest group expected to purchase the new iPhone was AT&T's existing customer base, at 12%. The Solutions Research Group also found that 72% of males, versus 28% of women were most likely to investigate the phone at its minimum price of 9. (Malley, 2007)

The obvious current target audiences for the Apple iPhone include young people between the ages of 20 and 35, affluent teenagers, "jet-setters", and "mobile" employees who work outside of the office.

Apple is known for their simplistic, but catchy commercials. In recent television commercials for the Apple iPhone, "There's an App for that" is the new catch phrase that places a strong focus on the apps available from the App Store. Apps, or applications, are in "every category, from games to business, education to entertainment, finance to health and fitness, productivity to social networking. These applications have been designed to take advantage of iPhone features such as Multi-Touch, the accelerometer, wireless, and GPS" (Apple, 2009). Apple currently claims to have 25,000+ apps available, and counting.

The focus on the variation of apps offered opens up the target audience greatly. There is essentially an app for everyone. As a few of the iPhone commercials advertise, you can find the snow conditions on the mountain, track calories in your lunch, find exactly where you parked your car. You can find a cab in a strange city, find your share of the bill for a table of 5, or learn to fix a wobbly bookshelf. You can read a restaurant review, read an MRI, or just read a regular old book. These are just a few of the features that Apple has promoted through television commercials. iPhone apps provide every functionality that one can imagine.

When the iPhone was initially released, it was priced at a hefty 9. Still, hundreds of thousands of people rushed out to get the new phone, forking over a third as much as they would have had they waited an extra 3 months. 3 months after the initial release, Apple reduced the price of the iPhone to 9. This enraged Apple's loyal customers and consumers who purchased the new phone just months earlier. One year later, Apple again reduced the price of the iPhone to 9, 66% less than the original price.

In July, 2007, the Apple iPhone was all the hype. I believe that Apple's decision to release the phone at 9 was slightly based on greed. However, their product was the most innovative out in the market place, giving Apple the freedom to price the iPhone at whatever they wanted. Many believed that Apple had cut the price after discovering lower than expected iPhone sales. Apple, however, states that the price cut was made "to spur holiday sales and predicted that Apple would meet its stated goal of selling its 1 millionth iPhone by the end of September." (Dalrymple, 2007)

As with the product life cycle of any cell phone or Apple product, including Apple's iPod, prices are often reduced drastically months after the initially release. Tech products are always competing against "the latest and greatest" while maintaining a relevant price in the market place. Had Apple not reduced the price of the iPhone, the customer base would have dwindled quickly as many consumers are unwilling to spend 9 on a cell phone, no matter how many useful features the phone may carry.

As the iPhone remains to be the number one smart phone around, the product continues to grow, increasing size capabilities, increasing the number of applications available, and providing new features that are released through new iterations of the phone, continue to provide a greater value to the iPhone while the pricing remains relevant.

At this time in the product life cycle, Apple continues to release enhanced iterations of the iPhone. With most iPhone users un-willing to purchase a newer version of the iPhone because of price, the target audience for the newer generation phones is new iPhone customers. With Apple's installed base continuing to grow, they have found a way bring in reoccurring revenue from their existing customers through the sales of their application downloads. As more and more people purchase the iPhone, Apple's audience for new customers continues to dwindle. Fortunately for Apple, they have built in another source for revenue that continues throughout the life of the product.

References

(2009). Apple: iPhone. Retrieved April 26, 2009, from Apple

Dalrymple, J (2007, Sep, 11). Lessons learned from the iPhone price cuts. PCWorld, Retrieved Apr 26, 2009, from http://www.pcworld.com/article/137046/lessons_learned_from_the_iphone_price_cuts.html

Silverman, D (2007, Jul, 10). Apple's silence helped the iPhone hype. Chron.com:Computing, Retrieved Apr 26, 2009, from http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/front/4954824.html

Malley, A (2007, Jun, 6). Apple, AT&T neophytes to define iPhone audience - report. AppleInsider, Retrieved Apr 26, 2009, from AppleInsider Website

Mukherjee, A (2007, Feb, 28). iPhone under attack. Business Today, Retrieved Apr 26, 2009, from the business today website

iPhone Marketing Strategy
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Wireless Networking - Router Vs Access Point

While planning for your wireless network you might be asking what is the difference between a router and an access point. You need to think of a router as more of a server because it performs many functions like a server. An access point only provides a portal for wireless client to connect to your existing LAN.

Routers can perform many functions. Routers can connect many different WLANs together acting like a traffic cop. Routers also act as a DHCP server. A DHCP server assigns dynamic IP address to your computer every time your computer starts up. If you don't have a DHCP server then you will have to assign each computer on your network a permanent IP address.

As I have said before your router can also act like a traffic cop. You can use a router to perform port forwarding to certain computers on your LAN. For example you can direct all internet traffic looking for your game server's port number to a specific computer on your LAN.

Wireless Networking - Router Vs Access Point

The ability to connect multiple computers to the internet is one of the main features of a router. The router is assigned one WAN IP address from your ISP. This IP address is called a public IP address that everyone on the internet can see. Because you have multiple computers connected to your router the router uses a protocol called NAT Network address translation NAT will assign the computers that are behind your routers IP address, private IP addresses. NAT acts as a firewall because computers on the internet cannot in theory even see your computers. They will only see the IP address of your router. NAT does block traffic from reaching your computers but it will not block Trojans from going out to the internet. That is why I do recommend installing a firewall on your LAN computers.

The role of an access point on a LAN is to give the wireless user a door way to enter. The more people that enter the door at the same time the slower they will go. 802.11b access points say they will give you a through put rate of 11mps but the actual rate is around 5MPS. 802.11g has a rating of 54mbps with an actual through put of 20mbps. The access points do have most of the same security features as a router such as WEP, WPA, 8021x and TKPI but they will not have the traffic cop functions like a router. Also the access points will not have NAT which would add an unnecessary layer to your network. To keep it simple access points just simulate plugging in your laptop to a port in the wall and that's it.A router is used on the border of you network to act as a traffic cop deciding who can come in and blocking those you want to keep out.

Wireless Networking - Router Vs Access Point
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Eric "The Wireless Ninja" Meyer is an expert in Wireless Networking. You can view other Wireless Networking articles at http://www.wirelessninja.com

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The History of Wireless Networking

The history of wireless networks and of wireless networking goes hand in hand. Without the discovery of technology such as the radio, wireless technology would not exist at all today. The history of wireless networking goes as far back as the 1800's with the advent of radio waves. The advent of more technology grew throughout the years and expanded to what we communicated with today.

In 1888, a Hamburg, Germany born physicist named Heinrich Rudolf Herz produced his first radio wave ever. By 1894 this radio wave production became a way of communication. Telegraph wires were used to receive the radio waves in signal form. Herz opened the way for radio, television, and radar with his discovery of electromagnetic waves. An Italian inventor named Marchese Guglielmo Marconi then expanded the radius of radio wave sending to two miles, becoming the "father of the radio." By 1899, this form of telecommunication could travel pretty far for its time. Marconi could send a signal 9 miles across the Bristol Channel. He eventually expanded the radius to 31 miles across the English Channel to France. By 1901 the communication area became immense. Marconi could send signals across the entire Atlantic Ocean.

World War II became a big stepping stone for the radio wave. The United States was the first party to use radio waves for data transmission during the war. This use of radio waves could have quite possibly won the war for the Americans. The use of radio wave data communication lead to a lot of speculation to whether the radio signals could be expanded into something bigger than it currently was. In 1971, a group of researchers under the lead of Norman Abramson, at the University of Hawaii, created the first "packet-switched" radio communications network entitled "Alohanet." Alohanet was the first wireless local area network, otherwise known as a WLAN. The first WLAN was not much, but it was a large discovery. The Alohanet WLAN was comprised of seven computers that communicated to each other. In 1972, Alohanet connected with the WLAN system Arpanet on the mainland. This length of connect was ground breaking in telecommunications between computers.

The History of Wireless Networking

The first types of WLAN technology used an interface in which became over crowded for communication. Small appliances and industrial machinery caused interference so the technology had to be updated. The second type of WLAN technology to be released ended up being four times faster than its predecessor at 2Mbps per second. We use the third format of WLAN today, though our current WLAN system runs at the same speed as the second system released.

In 1990, the 802.11 Working Group was established to work towards a WLAN standard for all computers to communicate from. In 1997, IEEE 802.11 was accepted as the standard data communication format for wireless local area networks. The technology continues to grow today. Governments and large corporations are constantly looking out for the latest and fastest standard to work from.

The expansion of wireless networking will likely continue for decades to come.

The History of Wireless Networking
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How To Put Videos On PSP In 4 Simple Steps

Sony's little wonder machine is a real jack of all trades in the electronic entertainment field-there really isn't too much that it can't do but I've noticed that out of all my friends that have PSP's, not one person uses it for movies! I found this a little odd, until I realised that none of them know how to do it! It's not as hard as people seem to think so hopefully once you've read this article you'll know how to put videos on PSP, and I can get my friends to look at this article instead of asking me questions all the time!

The first thing that stops most people from finding out how to put videos on PSP is they don't have enough free memory-You are going to need to buy as big a memory stick as you can afford-512mb is going to be the bare minimum here.

The second essential is to have a computer handy which you can link to the PSP via a USB cable. An internet connection will be useful too, but is not essential unless there are things you need to download.

How To Put Videos On PSP In 4 Simple Steps

1-Connect the computer and the PSP together, making sure that the PSP is switched off to begin with, and switch the PSP on once the connection is made.

2-With the PSP go into the SETTINGS menu, and press X, which should link the PSP to the computer. If you then go into MY COMPUTER on the computer, you should see an extra volume has been attached. This is the PSP/Playstation Portable.

3-Open the PSP memory card and then open the folder called PSP. With this open you need to create another folder inside that one, this one called "MP_ROOT" and then another one called "100mnv01"

4-Save the movies you want to watch in the folder "100mnv01" and then you are ready to rock! The movies can be started by clicking on the saved image inside the memory card. One thing to note though is that the movies need to be in MP4 format (Google it), and if you want to convert your existing DVDs etc to this format you may want to get some specialized software.

Okay there we are, how to put videos on PSP in 4 easy steps!

How To Put Videos On PSP In 4 Simple Steps
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What is Networking?

Quote: Power networking involves the development of a team of powerful, proactive referral partners capable of producing a steady flow of referrals for your business.

In this chapter:

o Examples of power networking

What is Networking?

o Defining networking

o 7 Myths and truths about networking

Before we talk about networking, let's take a look at some examples of the results that some have achieved by applying the principles of effective networking. The examples we cite are mostly from Local Business Network simply because these are the individuals with whom we have worked and whose stories we know. In most cases, you can replace LBN with the words "structured networking organization".

We share these stories to help you understand how truly powerful networking can be for anyone who is willing to learn the principles of power networking and to apply them consistently. Many who do so achieve rewards totaling hundreds of thousands of dollars. For many, business from referral partners account for 25% to as much as 90% of their sales. We hope these examples will encourage you to read further and to consider seriously the principles we teach.

Website Design Firm Finds Structured Networking its Most Powerful Business Growth Tool

Steve Hyer started IGD Solutions, a website development firm, in 1999. In 2000, he joined Local Business Network, a structured business referral organization. Steve was not only new to business, but new to networking.

For the ensuing three years, LBN referrals accounted for an average of 38% of his business. In real dollars, that amounts to six figures each year. Forming strategic and referral partner relationships with members of his own chapter and with those in other chapters helped Steve create a continuous referral stream and thus a continuous stream of new leads and new clients. Steve found the regional mixers particularly helpful in finding and developing referral partner relationships with those in the technology field.

Steve writes that, "LBN is the single most effective method we have used to promote our business. The structure of meeting twice a month and really focusing on sharing referrals makes it extremely effective."

From Corporate Cast Off To Successful Business Owner In 1 Year

Mark Raymond was laid off abruptly from his information technology job when his company was bought out. The IT market was slow and Mark knew he needed to find additional sources of income. He knew it takes time to grow any business.

Mark had an entrepreneurial background. He had owned a number of different businesses before, ranging from working as a disc jockey, to being a truck driver, to operating as a multi-media expert with auto shows. Fortunately, he had built a successful real estate rental business and owned more than ten properties. Still he needed to replace his IT income.

Mark joined Pre-Paid Legal Services as an Independent Associate. He focused on the sales aspect instead of building a team, but needed prospects and referral partners. His target markets were companies and small business owners, but he did not know where to start.

His wife, Tricia Raymond, a real estate agent, already belonged to a Local Business Network and she encouraged him to use the networking to promote his business. Mark only knows one way to go - full speed ahead. He became the President of his LBN chapter and aggressively built referral relationships.

Within one year of joining LBN, he sold over 400 Pre-Paid Legal memberships. Nearly half, 180 memberships, came directly or indirectly from LBN. Today he has a rapidly growing nationwide network of business associates helping to grow his business.

Sales Agent for a Title Insurance Company Receives over 60% of Her Business Through Networking Group Referrals

Sandra Maurer enjoyed networking, but didn't realize how powerful it could be when she joined the Birmingham, MI chapter of Local Business Network. Her sales were strongly dependent on relationships with mortgage lenders, attorneys and real estate agents.

Sandra began visiting as many LBN chapters as she could to meet key referral partners and build relationships. She attended every regional mixer to meet other members and build more relationships. She became an extraordinary referral generator, giving as many as 50 or more referrals every month.

Within two years, the relationships she had built within LBN were generating over 60% of her income. When she changed jobs, she took those relationships with her and had an immediate sales base even though she was selling different products and services.

Accountant Gives and Receives Over 0,000 in Referrals Annually

Norm McKee is an accountant and business consultant. During his first year in LBN, referrals from LBN members accounted for about 25% of his business. The second year it grew to 40%. Partnering with other LBN professionals, he also began an employee benefits firm with the potential to generate even more profit than his already highly lucrative accounting practice.

Norm receives eight to ten new client referrals a month from his referral partners. He receives over 0,000 in referrals annually and gives at least that amount to his referral partners.

Norm says, "We selected LBN as our networking group because of the structured/instructional based program offered, providing all members with basic direction over their networking activities. We found LBN members to understand the importance of relationship marketing and how to utilize relationships to create a marketing avenue for their businesses.

Residential Cleaning and Janitorial Service Reports 90% of Sales Come From LBN Members or Their Referrals

Mary Youtz was downsized by a major software development firm. She had worked in the accounting department in a thankless job for a thankless boss. After being let go, she and her husband started their own business and elected to use networking as their primary means of promoting it.

After six months, the firm was in the black and 90% of sales had come through members of her Local Business Network. Mary immediately recognized the value of visiting as many chapters as possible and became a regular visitor to half-a-dozen chapters in communities near her place of business. She attended every regional networking event and built relationships with those in a position to send her referrals. She brought referrals to every meeting she attended.

Mary also grew personally. She had never been required to speak in public and initially expressed concerns about having to do a sixty second commercial at her local chapter meeting. She quickly outgrew her fear and even became a speaker at regional networking events. Her friends saw an extraordinary transformation in her self-confidence and demeanor. She recently took on a role as an officer in her local chapter.

And there are hundreds of additional stories but we don't have time to tell them all. Here are some quick recaps of a few more.

o Jim Motley started a new computer repair business with 0,000 in sales his first year largely through referrals; doubled his business the second year; then doubled it again the third year.

o Jeannie Kime, a marketer of promotional items spent two years in another networking organization before joining LBN without much success, then tripled her business in her first year in LBN.

o John Gentilia of Perfect View Blinds reported 35% of his business from LBN referrals his first year, growing to 40% his second year.

o Doris Benson of Comfort Zone Heating and Cooling developed 100 new customers in her first six months in LBN.

o Ed Koerner, a mortgage lender, got 36 referrals in his first six months in LBN.

o Brian Jenks, a commercial lender, received referrals for real estate financing for projects of million and million.

o Sharon Quarters, a Realtor, received leads totaling over million in her first three weeks in LBN.

o Attorney, Brian Rolfe got a lead for a ,000 client within a few weeks after joining LBN.

o Julie Greene, a financial planner, reported commissions of ,000 on leads from her LBN group and expectations that that number would double the next year.

We could go on forever with stories of these types, but the important thing to understand is that the principles of power networking work for any legitimate business person, representing a valid product or service that is being marketed to the general public or to other businesses. The question is not whether the system works, but rather whether you are willing to learn and to apply the principles of power networking.

What is Power Networking? Webster's Dictionary defines networking as, "the developing of contacts or the exchanging of information in an informal network as to further a career." In its broadest sense, practically any type of social interaction could be considered networking. Most business people are familiar with the informal networking that occurs in Chambers of Commerce and other business organizations. But in a business environment where increased sales are the ultimate objective and "time is money", informal and unfocused networking is inadequate. It is necessary to move to the description and definition of a more formal and focused type of networking.

Development of Win-win Relationships - In his book, Endless Referrals, Bob Burg defines networking as, "the development of mutually beneficial win-win relationships." Bob says that, "all things being equal, people will do business with and refer people to those they know, like and trust." Networking therefore is about developing relationships with others who will do business with you and will send referrals to you because they know, like and trust you. Bob's goal is to transform networking from an "informal process" to a "formal" process focused on generating referrals that result in sales and increased income.

Note that there is a requirement that the individual giving you the referral first know, like and trust you. It is necessary for you to allow others to get to know you, and they must like what they see and have trust in you before they will send you referrals. When building a referral network it is necessary for you to develop relationships of trust.

Selling Through Networking Partners - Power networking involves selling "through" those who are your networking partners not "to" them. There are two components of the business you derive from networking as Mr. Burg describes it, business from those you know and business from those they know. The latter is far more critical than the former, because the potential represented is hundreds of times greater - assuming every business person knows literally hundreds of people. The ultimate objective of formalized networking is not to sell "to" those who know, like and trust you, but rather to sell "through" them to the hundreds of people they know.

Power networking is therefore selling to people you don't know with the help and cooperation of those you do know. It is "collaborative marketing" predicated on the assumptions that:

1. With minimal proper training you and a partner can effectively prospect for each other, and that

2. It is easier for each of you to prospect for the other within your sphere of influence than it is for the other person to prospect with those same individuals.

This definition points out another critical aspect of formal business networking. You must train others to promote your business for you. Clearly, however, in order to train others to promote your business, you must first understand how to promote it yourself. Effective networkers must not only understand who their prospects are and how to promote to them, but must also be adept at teaching others how to identify prospects for their products or services and how to create the opportunity to make a presentation to those prospects.

Referral Partners - But why would this person, your friend who is generating referrals for you, want to work so hard to promote your business to others? What is in it for him or her? Obviously, he/she expects something in return and although that reward could take any form, the ideal form of remuneration is the referral of someone who could use his/her products or services. This reciprocity must exist in order for formal networking relationships to endure. And this concept of reciprocity leads us to yet another definition of focused business networking: it is the creation of personal wealth through the capture and exchange of referrals. If you want to receive referrals from others, you must be willing and able to give referrals in exchange for those you receive. If you do not give in return, the relationship will not endure and you will no longer receive referrals.

We refer to these special types of relationships where referrals are exchanged on a regular and ongoing basis as "referral partner relationships". They are the pot of gold at the end of the rainbow, the mother lode! One such relationship can result in hundreds and even hundreds of thousands of dollars of referrals. The majority of your business networking efforts should be focused on finding and developing these relationships. Several such relationships can result in a flow of referrals sufficient to satisfy your needs for the lifetime of your business.

Strategic Partners - Closely allied to the "referral partner" concept is that of the "strategic partner". A "strategic partner" is an individual who offers a product or service complementary to your own and who is willing to work together with you to offer your products together or to collaborate on marketing efforts. By collaborating with a "strategic partner", you can broaden the range of products or services you are able to offer your clients, thereby increasing sales or broadening your customer base or, you can leverage marketing expense through joint marketing efforts, thereby reducing marketing costs or creating the opportunity for marketing efforts you might not otherwise be able to afford. Because they are dealing with the same or similar customers to your own, "strategic partners" can also be "referral partners".

Traditional Networking versus Power Networking - Traditional networking, a style of networking where you market yourself by allowing others to get to know you and hoping that at some point in time they will either use your products or services or will refer someone else to you, is being replaced by what can be called "power networking". Power networking is a style of networking where you market your business through the development of powerful, proactive partners who market your business for you in return for your help in promoting their businesses. Structured networking groups, both formal and informal organizations designed to teach referral based networking and to assist in the development of teams of referral partners, have sprung up to assist in this process. In this book, we will explore the nature of structured networking groups and their role in helping you apply the principles of power networking.

Myths and Truths about Networking

Myth #1: Networking is just belonging to a 'Good Old Boys Club' and is solely for the purpose of camaraderie and fellowship.

Truth: With proper training, networking can be focused to develop business relationships leading to significant referral business, rather than just meeting other people over a social lunch or at the bar during 'happy-hour'.

Myth #2: Networking is a waste of productive time.

Truth: Networking with the purpose of developing referral partner relationships can be far more productive than spending time selling. One effective referral partner can result in hundreds or even thousands of sales over the lifetime of the relationship.

Myth #3: Networking is only for aggressive, loud-talking salespeople.

Truth: In networking, aggressive, me-oriented people seldom succeed. They find it difficult to build respect and trust which are the underpinnings of any referral partner relationship.

Myth #4: Networking brings people together who are struggling and have no real influence in the marketplace.

Truth: Networking attracts both successful and experienced business owners and professionals, as well as relatively less experienced individuals. The important point to remember is that everybody has a database of contacts with whom you have interest in connecting.

Myth #5: Networking takes too much time with little or no result.

Truth: Networking is a highly leveraged activity as you meet a number of professionals in a very short time. Those you meet are attuned to the development of referral partner relationships. As illustrated earlier, the results can be extraordinary.

Myth #6: Networking is expensive.

Truth: Networking is one of the least expensive forms of marketing available. Local Business Network (LBN) charges around per month for members. Many members can recoup their expense for an entire year with one good referral. For some, the benefit to cost ratio runs in the hundreds.

Myth #7: Networking is primarily for small, non-professional businesses.

Truth: Networking can benefit all types of businesses. Experienced professionals like accountants and attorneys, technology firms, small retailers, home based businesses and others are a few examples.

Key points:

To summarize what we have learned in Chapter One:

1. Focused business networking involves the development of mutually beneficial win-win relationships called "referral partner relationships".

2. These relationships are built on trust and involve collaborative marketing to those within each other's sphere of influence.

3. To be effective, they require education and training on how to recognize prospects and generate referrals.

4. Referral partner relationships must be balanced and require both parties to consistently generate and exchange referrals.

5. Strategic partners are individuals who offer complementary products or services to customers similar to those you serve. Collaboration with them can broaden your product offerings, expand your markets, and create opportunities to leverage marketing expense.

6. Power networking refers to the marketing of your business through powerful proactive "referral" and "strategic" partner relationships.

7. Structured networking groups are designed to help you develop these partnering relationships.

Action Plan:

1. Read Bob Burg's book Endless Referrals.

2. Take a look at your current business situation. Can networking help you?

3. Are you ready to commit to networking as another way to grow your business?

4. If you are already using networking, are you satisfied with your results? If not, continue reading with a commitment to master networking.

Would you like to see Chapter 2? For a free copy of the next chapter, visit http://www.networkto100000.com

What is Networking?
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© 2006 Watch 52 video clips and articles from the book "Network Your Way To 0,000 And Beyond" at http://www.NetworkingSeries.com Minesh Baxi and Chuck Gifford are the authors.

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Seven Layers of ISO OSI Model

The ISO OSI model are explained below. The seven layers of the OSI model are:

Application Presentation Session Transport Network Antiqua">Data Link Physical
1 Application layer:

This layer provides a means for the user to access information on the network through an application. Many user applications that need to communicate over the network interact with the Application layer protocol directly. The user applications are not part of OSI Application layer, use the networking services offered by the networking protocol suite. Application layer functions typically include identifying communication partners, and determining availability of required resources. Some examples of application layer implementations include Telnet, File Transfer Protocol (FTP), and Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP).

Seven Layers of ISO OSI Model

2 Presentation layer:

Presentation layer converts local host computer data representations into a standard network format for transmission on the network. On the receiving side, it changes the network format into the appropriate host computer's format so that data can be utilized independent of the host computer. ASCII and EBCDIC conversions, cryptography, and the like are handled here.
Examples of Presentation layer coding and conversion schemes include common data representation formats, conversion of character representation formats, common data compression schemes, and common data encryption schemes.

Presentation layer implementations are not typically associated with a particular protocol stack. Some well-known standards for video include QuickTime and Motion Picture Experts Group (MPEG). QuickTime is an Apple Computer specification for video and audio, and MPEG is a standard for video compression and coding.

3. Session layer:

The session layer establishes, manages, and terminates communication sessions. Communication sessions consist of service requests and service responses that occur between applications located in different network devices. These requests and responses are coordinated by protocols implemented at the session layer. Some examples of session-layer implementations include AppleTalk's Zone Information Protocol (ZIP), and Decent Phase Session Control Protocol (SCP).

4.Transport layer:

Transport layer is responsible for providing reliable service between the hosts. Upper layer datagrams are broken down into manageable datagrams and then appropriate header information (such as sequence number, port number, etc.) is added to the datagram before passing it on to the Network layer. Two frequently used transport protocols are the TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and the UDP (User Datagram Protocol).

Important features of Transport layer:

Transport layer ensures reliable service. Breaks the message (from sessions layer) into smaller datagrams, and appends appropriate unit header information. Responsible for communicating with the Session layer
Important features of TCP/UDP:

TCP/IP widely used protocol for Transport/Network layers TCP: (Transport Control Protocol) TCP ensures that a packet has reached its intended destination by using an acknowledgement. If not, it retransmits the lost messages. Hence, TCP is called a connection oriented protocol. UDP (Universal Data gram Protocol): UDP simply transmits packets over the internet. It does not wait for an acknowledgement. It is the responsibility of upper layer protocols to ensure that the information had reached the intended partner(s). Hence, UDP is often called connectionless protocol. Application programs that do not need connection-oriented protocol generally use UDP.
5. Network layer:

Network layer is responsible for the routing of packets through the entire network. The layer uses logical addressing for this purpose. Note that the physical address (like MAC address) keeps changing from hop to hop when a packet travels from source to destination. As a result, an address that doesn't change is required to ensure continuity between hops. This is nothing but logical address. For IP networks, IP address is the logical address; and for Novell network, IPX address is the logical address, and so on. This layer also provides for congestion control, and accounting information for the network. IP (Internet Protocol) is an example of a network layer protocol.

6. Data link layer:

Data link layer provides delivery of information frames between communicating partners. This layer is responsible for flow regulation, error detection and correction, and framing of bits for transmission. The network data frame is made up of checksum, source address, destination address, and the data itself. The largest frame size that can be sent is known as the maximum transmission Unit (MTU).

Important features of Data link layer:

Logical Link Control (LLC): Defines how data is transferred over the cable and provides data link service to the higher layers. Medium Access Control (MAC): Controls media access by regulating the communicating nodes using pre-defined set of rules. (i.e. Token passing, Ethernet [CSMA/CD] all have MAC sub-layer protocol).


Different Data link layer protocols define different network and protocol characteristics, including physical addressing, network topology, error notification, sequencing of frames, and flow control. Physical addressing (as opposed to logical addressing) defines how devices are addressed at the data link layer. The protocols used in Data link layer are SLIP, PPP, and CSLP.

7. Physical layer:

This is the bottom-most layer of the OSI model. The Physical layer handles the bit-level communications across the physical medium. The physical medium could be made up of wired electrical signals, or light, or radio (wireless) signals. Physical layer specifications define characteristics such as media, data rates, maximum transmission distances, and physical connectors.

Some of the important standards that deal with physical layer specifications are:

RS-232(for serial communication lines), X.21, EIA 232, and G730.

Physical layer and Data link layer implementations can be categorized as either LAN or WAN specifications.

Seven Layers of ISO OSI Model
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Vijayanand has done his post graduation (M.E.) in Communication Systems. He has several years of experience in electronic assembly and design, rf testing, and networking. He is a Cisco Certified Networking Professional, and an MCSE (Microsoft Certified Systems Engineer). He is a director of Anand Software and Training Pvt. Ltd. Complete tutorial on Networking is available at SimulationExams.com

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